| Terminology |
Description
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| Valves: |
A valve is a mechanical device that controls the flow of a fluid (gases, liquids, fluidised solids, or slurries) by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways. |
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| Actuators: |
A mechanism that operates a valve from a remote location, using power sources like electric, hydraulic, or pneumatic energy. |
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| Ball Valve: |
A valve that uses a spherical disc to control flow. It is opened when the ball's hole is in line with the flow and closed when it is pivoted 90-degrees. |
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| Butterfly Valve: |
A valve with a disc that rotates around a central axis, controlling flow with minimal pressure drop. |
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| Check Valve: |
A valve that allows flow in one direction only, preventing backflow. |
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| Diaphragm Valve: |
A valve that uses a flexible diaphragm, operated either manually or via an actuator, to control flow. |
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| Gate Valve: |
A valve that opens by lifting a barrier (gate) out of the path of the fluid. |
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| Globe Valve: |
A valve that regulates flow in a pipeline through a movable disk or plug. |
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| Knife Gate Valve: |
A specialised gate valve designed to cut through slurry or viscous fluids. |
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| Needle Valve: |
A type of valve with a small port and a threaded, needle-shaped plunger, allowing precise flow control. |
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| Pinch Valve: |
A valve that uses a pinching mechanism to control fluid flow, commonly used for slurries or liquids containing solids. |
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| Plug Valve: |
A valve that allows fluid to flow through it when open and stops flow when the plug is rotated to block the flow. |
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| Pressure Relief Valve: |
A safety device that releases excess pressure from a vessel or system when it becomes too high. |
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| Solenoid Valve: |
An electromechanically operated valve controlled by an electric current through a solenoid. |
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| Three-way Valve |
A valve that connects three ports together, commonly used to mix or divert flow paths. |
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| Trunnion Valve |
A ball valve with additional support for the ball, typically used in higher pressure applications. |
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| Valve Body |
The primary outer shell of a valve that contains the internal parts or the flow passageway. |
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| Valve Seat |
The internal surfaces of a valve which contacts the disc to form a leak-proof closure. |
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| Valve Stem |
The part of a valve that transmits motion from the actuator to the movable internal parts. |
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| Valve Trim |
The replaceable internal parts of a valve that come into contact with the flow medium, including the stem, disk, seat, and sleeve. |
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| Bleed Valve |
A small valve designed for draining or releasing excess pressure or fluid. |
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| Bonnet |
The part of the valve assembly that houses the stem and packing, attached to the body. |
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| Cavitation |
A phenomenon where vapor bubbles form and collapse in a fluid, potentially causing damage to the valve. |
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| Control Valve |
A valve used to control flow rate, pressure, or other parameters, often automated with actuators. |
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| Cryogenic Valve |
Specially designed valves used for very low temperature applications, such as LNG or liquid nitrogen. |
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| Double Block and Bleed Valve |
A configuration with two valve elements providing a seal against pressure from both ends, with a bleed valve between them to ensure the seal integrity. |
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| Expansion Valve |
A valve that reduces the pressure of refrigerants and other fluids as part of thermal management systems. |
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| Flange |
A method of connecting pipes, valves, pumps, and other equipment to form a piping system, involving sealing and bolting two flanges together. |
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| Flow Coefficient (Cv) |
A value that indicates the flow capacity of a valve at a specific opening, helping to compare valve performances. |
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| Handwheel |
The manual control mechanism on a valve used to operate the stem and gate mechanisms. |
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| Lift Check Valve |
A check valve where the disc lifts off its seat against gravity or flow pressure. |
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| Lockout Device |
A safety device used to lock a valve in a specific position to prevent unauthorised operation. |
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| Pilot Valve |
A small valve that controls a larger valve, often used in safety and relief valve applications. |
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| Positioner |
A device used with a control valve actuator to control the opening and closing of the valve based on a control signal. |
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| Pressure Balance Valve |
A valve that maintains constant output pressure despite fluctuations in input pressure or flow. |
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| Rotary Valve |
A type of valve where the closure member travels along a path that is circular in the flow path. |
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| Strainer |
A device used for mechanically removing unwanted solids from fluid, gas, or steam lines by utilising a perforated or mesh strainer element. |
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| Union |
A pipe fitting that provides a simple method for disconnecting and connecting piping systems for maintenance or fixture replacement. |
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| Back Pressure |
The pressure encountered on the downstream side of a valve, which can affect its operation and flow characteristics. |
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| Bypass Valve |
A secondary valve used to divert flow around a main valve for maintenance or flow regulation purposes. |
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| Commissioning |
The process of ensuring that all systems and components of a valve are designed, installed, tested, operated, and maintained according to the operational requirements of the owner or final client. |
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| Deadband |
A range in which a change in input does not result in a change in output, commonly related to control valves and actuators. |
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| Differential Pressure |
The difference in pressure between two points in a system; important for the operation of certain types of valves. |
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| Hard Seating |
Valve seating made of harder materials, such as metals, used for high-pressure or high-temperature applications where softer seating materials would fail. |
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| Isolation Valve |
A type of valve used to completely stop the flow of fluid in a piping system, allowing for maintenance or system alterations without stopping the entire system. |
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| Limit Switch |
A device used to send a signal that a valve has reached its open or closed position. |
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| Manifold |
A pipe or chamber branching into several openings, used to distribute or collect fluids from one or more sources to one or more destinations. |
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| NACE Standards |
Standards set by the National Association of Corrosion Engineers used to select appropriate materials and define processes to minimise corrosion in valves and other equipment. |
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| Non-return Valve |
Another term for a check valve, which prevents backflow in a system. |
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| Overpressure Protection |
Devices or methods used to protect systems from pressure exceeding safe limits, often involving relief or safety valves. |
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| Packing Gland |
A component used to contain the packing material around a valve stem to prevent leakage. |
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| Quarter-turn Valve |
A valve that moves from open to closed position with a quarter turn (90 degrees), such as a ball or butterfly valve. |
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| Reduced Bore Valve |
A valve whose bore diameter is smaller than the diameter of the connected piping, reducing flow accordingly. |
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| Safety Valve |
A valve that automatically releases substance from a boiler, pressure vessel, or other system when the pressure or temperature exceeds preset limits. |
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| Seat Leakage |
Leakage that occurs across the valve seat, even when the valve is in the closed position, typically defined under specific standards like ANSI/FCI or API. |
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| Trim Material |
The specific materials used for the components of a valve (such as the seat, disk, and stem) that come into contact with the flow medium. |
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| V-Port Valve |
A type of ball valve with a 'V'-shaped ball or seat, allowing for finer flow control. |
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